Domination concerns more than unequal influence. It involves enduring organisational arrangements that restrict participation, limit autonomy, concentrate authority, or expose some parties to persistent disadvantage.
Domination may arise through laws, institutions, norms, economic structures, political systems, technological infrastructures, or cultural practices. It is therefore an organisational phenomenon rather than merely a property of individual behaviour.
Within APS, Domination is not defined by the existence of power alone. Power is a general feature of social organisation and may support coordination, protection, cooperation, or collective achievement. Domination emerges when power becomes organised in ways that undermine legitimate treatment, participation, standing, accountability, or opportunities for challenge and revision.
Social Power ↓ Domination ↓ Moral Evaluation
The existence of a norm, institution, authority structure, or social arrangement does not establish its legitimacy. APS therefore treats Domination as an important object of Moral Evaluation. Explaining how domination becomes organised is distinct from determining whether it is justified.