Biological values and moral values are related but distinct.
Biological values arise from the requirements of organised persistence. They concern conditions that support or undermine viability, functioning, and adaptive persistence.
Moral values arise when biological valuation becomes integrated with language, culture, symbolic cognition, social institutions, and ethical reflection.
APS therefore rejects two common errors. Morality is not independent of biology, because moral values emerge from organisms capable of meaning, evaluation, and valuation. However, morality cannot be reduced to biological interests alone, because human values are transformed by cultural, symbolic, and ethical processes.
Human morality is continuous with biological valuation without being identical to it.