Definition & Borderlines
Conceptual boundaries, distinctions, and relations to adjacent frameworks.
Articles
-
Biological theory has long struggled with borderline cases such as viruses, prions, and synthetic systems. APS reframes this problem by showing that edge cases are not failures of definition but expected features of a processual, viability-oriented framework. Life is not a binary category but a graded organisation, and biological diagnosis must therefore track degrees of viability-oriented organisation rather than impose sharp boundaries.